| Michael Mandelbaum: The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Cambridge University Press, 1988, , page 61 footnote 55 | International Journal of Middle East Studies |
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| Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press |
Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, Basic Books, 2005 , 57;" Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930.
23| Franco Antonicelli, Trent'anni di storia italiana, 1915-1945, Torino, Mondadori Editore, 1961 | |
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| Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930 | Isaiah Friedman: British Miscalculations: The Rise of Muslim Nationalism, 1918—1925, Transaction Publishers, 2012, , page 217 |