Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch
5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account

شرح حديث بُعِث رسولُ الله

597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form.

كم كان عمر الإمام علي (عليه السلام) عندما بعث النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)
سنه صلى الله عليه وسلم وقت نزول الوحي
Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007
سنه صلى الله عليه وسلم وقت نزول الوحي
Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic
137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 "Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• Lapidus 2002 , pp 0

محمد

however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632.

24
كم كان عمر الرسول صلى الله عليه عندما بُعث بالرسالة
Peter Teed 1992 , p
كم كان عمر الرسول صلى الله عليه عندما بُعث بالرسالة
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form
سبل الهدى والرشاد
These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions