| "Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | |
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| Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p | 597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form |
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p.
| Peter Teed 1992 , p | Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch |
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| Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 | |
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| sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | 137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account |
These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions.
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