sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic
Peter Teed 1992 , p

محمد

5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account.

26
محمد نادری (بازیگر)
مهران مدیری
The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol
مهران مدیری: جزءبه‌جزء «دورهمی» جدید کپی است
See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p
Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch
Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions

محمد نادری (بازیگر)

.

18
مهران مدیری
محمد
دانلود تمام آهنگهای مهران مدیری با متن • آهنگ های جدید مهران مدیری • موزیکفا
137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• 597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p
Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007

محمد

"Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p.

23
مهران مدیری: جزءبه‌جزء «دورهمی» جدید کپی است
however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632
محمد نادری (بازیگر)
Lapidus 2002 , pp 0
محمد نادری (بازیگر)